Copyright protects
Copyright does not protect
Example
Copyright infringement
The most effective IP
The words in a novel
The ideas behind the story line of the novel
Another novel with the same storyline written in different words will not infringe
A distinctive or substantial part of the original novel is copied
Copyright
Photographs
The subject matter of the photograph, such as a landscape
Another photographer who photographs the same landscape, from the same position, with the same zoom will not infringe copyright
The original photograph is copied
Copyright
The words and tables in a marketing plan
The general business strategies described in the marketing plan
Another company that uses the same general business strategies has not infringed copyright
The original marketing plan or a substantial part of it is copied, that is, the words and tables are copied
Copyright, and obligations of confidentiality, if applicable
The software code of a computer program
The functionality of the computer program
Another person can write a different computer program with the same functionality without infringing copyright.
The original software code is copied
Copyright and patent protection, if applicable
The words that express a product formulation
The formulation itself
If another person separately develops the identical formulation, this will not be a breach of copyright
The original expression of the formulation is copied
Patenting the formulation
The words in a technical manual that explain how a secret manufacturing process works
The manufacturing process
If another person develops that process, there is no breach of copyright
The manual is copied
Patenting the manufacturing process, or maintaining it as a trade secret.